radio caroline listening figures
The ship has working radio studios, from which both Caroline and BBC Essex have broadcast. By The survey also found that 18.1 per cent of radio listeners tuned in. At that time I thought RNI 2 was here to stay. On 5 November 1990, lack of fuel and supplies forced the station to stop transmitting. Radio Caroline is broadcast in the Republic of Ireland on channel 927 on the UPC Ireland cable service in the main cities of Dublin, Cork, Limerick, Galway, Waterford and Cappoquin, and the County Waterford towns of Lismore and Tallow. Three British nationals, a Dutchman and their canary (named Wilson after the former Labour Prime Minister Harold Wilson) were rescued. When Marine &c. Broadcasting Offences Act become law on 14 August 1967, Radio Caroline was renamed Radio Caroline International. It gets good listening figures as it is the safe, middle England choice for people who have never listened to or refuse to listen to Radio 4, 6music, (or Radio 3, although I'm not a fan myself) or . This was not because they wanted to buy a house, but because the ones on the new estate had been constructed with an innovative type of central heating, which blew hot air through ducts under the floor. However, in October 1987 a massive storm hit southern England, causing deaths and severe damage. [citation needed] The new station introduced British audiences to slick American-style top 40 radio with electronic jingles produced by Dallas-based PAMS, and was an immediate success. Around this time, O'Rahilly decided Caroline should adopt an album format similar to FM progressive rock stations in the US, an audience not catered for in Europe. I am enjoying their programmes immensely at present but there always seems to be a lot of criticism about the station no matter what they do. Dave Foster (Rpt) Huskers Close Out Cats, 80-64. The Mi Amigo's 160-foot (49m) mast remained erect for six years. On 11 November 2017, test transmissions commenced from an omni-directional mast (formerly used by the BBC World Service) at Orford Ness, Suffolk. [36] The remaining 5kW transmitter was later converted for short wave use. The Dutch offshore station Radio Veronica was on 1562 kHz and Radio Atlanta broadcast on 1493 kHz. By Aisha Majid. The lineup will feature some of the most incendiary figures on the far right, including Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene (R-Ga.), former Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro, whose supporters stormed . Many people, of a certain age, still associate Radio Caroline with the pop music of the 60s & 70s. Broadcasting hours were 6am to 6pm to avoid competition from Radio Luxembourg, which began transmissions at 6pm. London, United Kingdom. This was all in the 1970's. The Dutch claimed the ship's Panamanian registration had lapsed in 1987, was not under legal protection from any country and that its transmissions breached international regulations which since 1982 had prohibited broadcasting from outside national territories. [14] Presenters Tony Blackburn, Roger Gale, Ray Teret, Simon Dee, Tony Prince, Spangles Muldoon, Keith Skues, Johnnie Walker, Robbie Dale, Dave Lee Travis, Tommy Vance, Tom Edwards, Paul Noble, Bob Stewart and Andy Archer became well known. Radio Caroline South's 259 metres signal was now near those of Radio London on 266m (1133kHz) and the BBC's Light Programme on 247m (1214kHz). [6] The generator was left running but the pumps could not manage and the vessel sank 10 minutes later. The next day, Calvert visited Smedley's home in Saffron Walden, Essex, to demand the departure of the raiders and the return of vital transmitter parts. Broadcasting Hours: 6 a.m. to 9 p.m. and 12 midnight to 2a.m. In December 1976, Radio Mi Amigo moved to 1562kHz on the 50kW transmitter, leaving Caroline on 1187kHz 24 hours a day on the 10kW. Syndicated shows from the US and recorded religious programmes were also broadcast. When we started our series to commemorate the forty years of Radio Caroline, we asked the readers to write down their memories of the station in just a few lines. It's Source of your ultimate Entertainment. A well-nourished captain said they often failed to appear for a tender but he always got paid! On Easter Saturday, my parents wanted to go and view a show house on a new estate. Much improvement to the lay-out of the ship was planned but basically the studios would have remained. New data has shown the listening figures for BBC radio stations, with two of its flagship outlets having experienced a sharp decline in audiences - whilst some shows have remained steady instead Community radio listening figures - do 10 million people tune in every week? On this page Hans Knot presents a few exemplary ones. Her latest opera, The Listeners, is a psychological nail-biter set in southern California. On 20 January 1966, the MV Mi Amigo lost its anchor in a storm, drifted and ran aground on the beach at Frinton-on-Sea. (Gordon): I think we'll be back in one way or another. BBC Radio 2 newsreader Colin Berry started his career reading the news on Radio Caroline South. This service was Radio Seagull and broadcast live during the evening. Two days later, Mi Amigo was towed to IJmuiden and seized because of unpaid bills. Several years later some of the seized items were returned to the station. The project not unexpectedly hit the quay side, but it would have been interesting should the plan have come to fruition. [26] The station's offices and studios were in Brakel, Belgium, but moved to Castell-Platja d'Aro, Costa Brava, Spain in March 1975 after a raid by Belgian police. The national digital station, which is owned by News UK's . The Caroline App is just 1.79 or equivalent price in your country. Since November 2009 Radio Seagull can be heard periodically on 558kHz in London. In 2011 Radio Caroline joined Radioplayer UK, an internet service formed by the BBC, Global Radio and the Guardian Media Group that supplies a live feed of UK radio stations to across the world.[57]. Caroline Hepker. Caroline coming in to pick up her pilot. We . Since August 2000, Radio Caroline has also broadcast 24 hours a day via the internet and by the occasional restricted service licence. [27] The album was reissued on CD on Ross Records, c.1992, and in a "30th Anniversary Edition" with bonus material on SMC Records in 2005. The following day, Caroline was one of few stations in the South East still broadcasting. The following day we went to Caroline House in The Hague. On 31 July 2014 the ship was moved to the Blackwater Estuary in Essex.[47]. 68% of Brits listen to the radio at home. Beginning in 1975, the cassettes were transported from Playa d'Aro on the Europa Bus service, which carried people from Amsterdam to Madrid at low prices. To keep it this way they have had to steer clear of big investors and conventional means of broadcasting which, although a nice idea, has its drawbacks. The ship would be moved to a permanent mooring in Ramsgate Harbour with the Gold service, at the time called Coast, operating like the FM-services from Whitstable studios being moved onto the ship to become Radio Caroline. Gradually Caroline is fighting its way back and I'm sure that once advertising is coming in, there will be no need for listener donations. Officially, Radio Caroline was managed from offices in North America, with advertising from the US and Canada. In the evenings on 963, some alternative music programmes were tried, including the reggae "Jamming 963", and in 1986 and early 1987, a progressive and indie rock programme called Caroline Overdrive hosted by Tom Anderson, Fergie McNeal, Andy Johnson, Stevie Lane, Mark Matthews, Kevin Turner, Peter Phillips, Mick Williams (a.k.a. I am taking a career break from my profession as a Sollicitor and in 2001 was fortunate to be allowed to run the news service from the Mi Amigo RSL from the LV18 where I met Bart Serlier among many others. I think so. The Quarterly Summary Report of all stations with added features. The first was a Belgian station called Radio Atlantis, owned by Belgian businessman Adriaan van Landschoot. The benefits, entitlements as a RAJAR subscriber and the data explained. Owner: Planet Sales Ltd. First air date: 1964. Later, some programmes were pre-recorded on land and broadcast simultaneously from both ships. (Anderson): Yeah. For several months only one transmitter could be used, leading to the loss of the income-generating Radio Monique, although a substitute Dutch daytime service, Radio 558 (later Radio 819), was eventually established. However, the station has since moved online and continues to broadcast 24 hours a day. The final song was Pilot of the Airwaves by Charlie Dore.[43]. By September 28, 1964 just six months after launching the station's then-manager boasted in the Daily Mail of having an audience bigger than the all-powerful and well-established BBC. Radio Caroline South = 10kW (later 50 kW). However, in July 1964, the owners of the two stations opted to merge the operations. [citation needed]. Using land-based studios leased in Kent[51] in the late 1990s, the station began broadcasting via satellites Astra 19.2E and Eutelsat 28A, covering western Europe. Select 'Change Stations' on the app if you wish to switch to Boom Light You can also find us listed on the TuneIn or Radioplayer app. [8] On a fund-raising trip to the U.S., O'Rahilly reportedly saw a Life magazine photograph of Kennedy and his children in the Oval Office that served as the inspiration for the name "Caroline Radio". From its two vantage points, Radio Caroline's presenters who included future BBC stalwart Tony Blackburn and Tory MP Roger Gale regaled Britons with pop songs which they could only hear on conventional stations for a few hours a week. Radio Caroline began to broadcast from the ship on 19 August 1983, with unwanted mechanical sounds on speech. Home; Stations . On 30 August 1974 Mi Amigo moved from the Dutch coast to the Knock Deep Channel, approximately 12 miles (19km) from the British coast. On the 9 September 2017 a stone was unveiled in Felixstowe to commemorate Radio Caroline.[63]. Here they produced programmes for Dutch-speaking holidaymakers, mostly Europop, Top 40, MOR and Dutch language popular music presented by Belgian, Dutch and occasionally English DJs with frequent commercials. Detailed information on the survey process. From 1970 on a lot happened in offshore radio, which has often been forgotten by people who write about this subject in books. No, I did buy records which were also nice and were brought to my ears by listening to Radio Caroline quite other music than the other stations were offering. On 3 March 1977, Caroline closed, announcing that it would return six days later on 319 metres. Nice to think about Dixie Peach, too. Wavelength: 199 metres. City: London. The LBC brand. Dutch nationals were arrested and returned to the Netherlands, together with most of the broadcasting equipment. Next to that we can listen in to Radio Caroline on internet and satellite. Multiple Streams Programme Schedule 'Now Playing' Programme 'alarms' Presenter profiles 'This Day' page Send emails At one time both stations were even claiming more than 8.8 million listeners each. From the anchorage in the Knock Deep the Mi Amigo's mast could be seen on the horizon. That's the group of Sietse Brouwer in Harlingen. Radio Caroline Flashback provides an alternative live service for loyal and new listeners, who want to hear tracks from this exciting era. (iii)558 kHz: strict pop and oldies mainstream format (no presenter music choice) with strict adherence to format clocks. To my surprise Bob, in passing, mentioned the plans to get an ILR-station on the MV Ross Revenge, after the ship had stranded on the Goodwin Sands. O'Rahilly wanted Radio Caroline to become an oldies station. [66], In October 2020, a new station using the Caroline name and logo launched in Burnham-on-Crouch, broadcasting to the Maldon District of Essex on 94.7FM. Caroline Hepker anchors Bloomberg Radio's 'Daybreak Europe' programme, on-air live from 6-10am weekday mornings. On 1 October 1989, Radio Caroline restarted broadcasting from the Ross Revenge using makeshift equipment and low power, to retain the 558kHz frequency. Island FM (58% of people in their area tune in every week) Channel 103 FM (55%) Moray Firth Radio (46%) Radio Borders (43%) Yorkshire Coast Radio (42%) 3FM (38%) Wessex FM (38%) Northsound 1 (38%) IOW Radio (35%) Tay FM (35%) [6], Financial backing for the venture came from six investors, including John Sheffield, chairman of Norcross, Carl "Jimmy" Ross of Ross Foods, and Jocelyn Stevens of Queen magazine, with which Radio Caroline shared its first office. Radio Caroline broadcast appeals for help, giving the ship's position as .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}5141N 135E / 51.683N 1.583E / 51.683; 1.583. Without serious competition, Radio Caroline gained a regular daytime audience of some 7 million.[12]. Radio Atlanta closed at 8p.m. that day. [71][72][73], In January 2002, a Dutch Caroline fan called Sietse Brouwer launched a Netherlands-based Dutch Radio Caroline in Harlingen, broadcasting on the northern Netherlands cable networks and largely independent of UK Caroline. On 28 December, unpaid crew cut the Mi Amigo's generator fuel line and departed. Comedian and award-winning radio host D.L. The Caroline Countdown of Sound 6pm Mondays is rtracks from new albums but by long established and newer artists, many whose albums sell well or in these days have high streaming figures, and. Radio Caroline finally stopped broadcasting from open waters in 1991 when the MV Ross Revenge lots its anchor in a storm and the crew had to be rescued by helicopter. The ship was further delayed by hull damage, and repaired before writs could be issued. Who RAJAR is owned by and what we do. [21] It was not until RNI returned to its original anchorage off the Netherlands that the jamming ceased. [6] Because of the Christmas holidays, no solicitors were available to issue a writ and the ship lay in Amsterdam harbour until O'Rahilly arranged for it to be towed back to sea. Zoe Ball, Greg James, Roman Kemp, Chris Evans and the Today programme are among the shows to have fewer listeners than the last time ratings were measured. 'He said that's the name for my radio station,' he added. It left Spain, with an incomplete studio, to avoid legal entanglements. BBC Radio 2 to air special show for Tony Blackburn's 80th birthday. O'Rahilly and Drummond were inspired by the Danish Radio Mercur, which in 1952 became the first station in the world to broadcast commercial radio from a vessel in international waters without permission from the authorities in the country that it broadcast to. Tony Blackburn turns 80 years old on the 29th of January and BBC Radio 2 will celebrate the occasion in a special programme, reports OnTheRadio.. No one said it would be an easy or fast journey, but I, for one, can only see better things for the future. The 10kW transmitters could run on the Henschel generator beside the two main MAN units and also a Cummins unit on the aft deck behind the wheelhouse.[29]. "I think it lit a spark," he said. "Why do we have to pay, why aren't they out at sea, the music's no good," and so on. The transmitter was initially too powerful for the antenna insulators. 15 August 1967 following passage of the Marine Offences Act, Broadcasting from various locations offshore to Western Europe. Later in 1973, when the contract with Radio Caroline ended, the crew of Radio Atlantis moved to their own ship, the MVJeanine.[6]. The operation then continued, despite disagreements between O'Rahilly and some of its DJs over what the station should be playing. Part of the raid was broadcast live[40] before officials disabled the transmitters. MV Ross Revenge weathered the storm in the North Sea. [citation needed], In Spain, a station broadcast during the summer 2009 on 102.7MHz in the Costa Blanca from studios in Benidorm. The Fredericia was renamed MV Caroline and anchored off Felixstowe, Suffolk, where it began test transmissions on Friday, 27 March 1964. Backed by wealthy investors which included Jocelyn Stevens of the popular Queen Magazine, the station was bizarrely named after Caroline Kennedy the daughter of assassinated US President John F Kennedy. Caroline can also be listened to over the internet including via music players such as Amazon echo (Alexa). [48] Evangelical programmes and sponsored specialist music are broadcast. Since September 2015, Radio Caroline has been broadcasting 'live' for one weekend each month[59] as "Radio Caroline North" (with original DJs and a mixed 1960s, 1970s and 1980s music content and jingles) from its former home the MV Ross Revenge on the Blackwater Estuary in Essex, via Manx Radio's 1368kHz 20kW transmitter on the Isle of Man. Browse our programme schedule, read the presenter profiles, send emails and brush up on your world, music and radio history on our 'This Day' page. A request to stop broadcasting on short wave 6.215MHz was complied with, and after several hours the government ship returned to port. London, United Kingdom. From 2007, the ship was docked at Tilbury, where a volunteer crew repaired and maintained it. US Stocks Snap Two Days of Losses; Yields Rise: Markets Wrap. [60], From 31 March to 27 April 2014, a Caroline North tribute station, based on the Planet Lightship berthed in the Albert Dock complex on Liverpool's waterfront, broadcast locally on 87.7FM and on the internet. [16], On 20 June 1966, Smedley boarded the Shivering Sands Fort with 10 workmen to repossess a transmitter that he had supplied, but had not been paid for. DJs Chris Cary, broadcasting as Spangles Muldoon (who was also station manager), Andy Archer, Paul Alexander, Steve England, Johnny Jason and Peter Chicago (real name Peter Murtha)[25] manned the station. Knowing the lads at Caroline it was probably drunk and a replacement bought. Programmes were recorded on land and broadcast between 6a.m. and 7p.m. With Face-to-Face recruitment being suspended at the end of March, RAJAR introduced a Tracking Panel to evaluate radio listening during our time in Lockdown. They were pop and Europop aimed at the mainstream Dutch audience. Currently they also broadcast on DAB radio in certain areas of the UK: these services are part of the Ofcom small-scale DAB+ trials. Janssen Launches Health Equity Campaign in Partnership with Award-Winning Radio Host D.L. [6], Smedley was charged with Calvert's murder on 18 July, but this was reduced to a charge of manslaughter. On a national level, though, this figure is amazingly reliable; it's a national sample size of over 100,000 adults. Second, it also requires a good sales team and, of course, sales people don't work for nothing. Ken Bruce has also confirmed that he's moving. and a sign-on date of 1 July; the station failed to appear. [34] It had an antenna system radiating from a 300-foot (91m) high mast, the tallest on any ship in the world. Just after midnight GMT on 20 March 1980, the Mi Amigo foundered in a storm after losing its anchor and drifting. In the South East England new standard regions 4 and 5, Radio Caroline has 27% whilst Radio London has 24%." (Gordon): For the moment from all of us, goodbye and God bless. It was renamed Radio Caroline South and MV Mi Amigo remained off Frinton-on-Sea while MV Caroline broadcast as Radio Caroline North. I thought something might happen and sure enough at 1.00 p.m. British time on came RNI Second, by about 3.45 p.m. the signal was really very poor so I tuned into Manx radio and there was Daffy Don Allen with his country and Western Jamboree. The continuing story of Radio Caroline, the 1960's pirate radio station that survived the Marine Offences Act, which saw the end of pirate radio station around the shores of the UK. This request, and one to stop transmissions on 819kHz, was refused. I did not succeed in getting things right every day, but I certainly felt good every time I heard the famous Caroline bell going "Ding, Ding," followed by the opening tune from those days: "On My Way Back Home" from The New Riders on the Purple Sage. Half of AM/FM listening in the United States takes place in a car, but between reduced (or eliminated) commutes and social distancing, there's been a steep decline in the drivers that make up public radio's traditional broadcast audience. Radio Caroline is a British radio station founded in 1964 by Ronan O'Rahilly and Alan Crawford initially to circumvent the record companies' control of popular music broadcasting in the United Kingdom and the BBC's radio broadcasting monopoly. Former presenter Johnnie Walker said in an interview on NPR last year that O'Rahilly thought it was a 'wonderful image' of 'happiness and laughter disrupting the works of government'. Another RSL broadcast ran from 7 August until 3 September 2004, with the ship moored at the cruise liner terminal jetty at Tilbury in Essex. [49] The LV 18 was later used by the BBC for Pirate BBC Essex broadcasts.[50]. Harry Howard, History Correspondent For Mailonline, Mom who lost both sons to fentanyl blasts laughing Biden, Two Russian tanks annihilated with bombs by Ukrainian armed forces, Isabel Oakeshott receives 'menacing' message from Matt Hancock, Pavement where disabled woman gestured at cyclist before fatal crash, Pro-Ukrainian drone lands on Russian spy planes exposing location, 'Buster is next!' Includes Audio Types such as Podcasts, Live and Catch Up Radio, On Demand Music Services. It is jointly owned by the BBC and the Radiocentre on behalf of the commercial sector. On 18 August, a British government chartered ship pulled up alongside the Ross Revenge and asked to board to "discuss the future" of the Ross Revenge and the stations operating from it. For the first years, advertising on the station was in demand. Meanwhile, Radio Mi Amigo had interference on 1562kHz and changed to 1412kHz (212 m). Since 1991, the Ross Revenge has been maintained by enthusiasts called the Radio Caroline Support Group, originally the Ross Revenge Support Group. Age UK cited NHS Digital figures for England which show there were 28,890 support requests for people aged 65 and over in 2021/22 where the person died without any of those services being provided. Now I don't know Peter Moore personally, so cannot comment on the type of person he is, but I do know that he has done a lot for Caroline over the past few years and I'm sure without him it would still be nowhere to be heard. [9][10] A particular image conveying unthreatening joy was the cheeky 4 year old Caroline hiding at President John F Kennedy's feet beneath the battered HMS Resolute desk in the Oval Office.[11]. In a sign of Radio Caroline's enormous influence on popular culture, the BBC launched Radio 1 in September 1967 in an effort to respond to its success, as well as that of the rival Radio London. In 1967, the UK Government enacted the Marine, &c., Broadcasting (Offences) Act 1967, outlawing advertising on or supplying an unlicensed offshore radio station from the UK. Listening in Lockdown It was the floating pirate radio station whose mission to was to transmit rock 'n' roll to the masses. Ray Clark) and Rob Charles. Please reorganize this content to explain the subject's impact on popular culture, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Marine, &c., Broadcasting (Offences) Act 1967, Report of the Committee on the Future of Broadcasting, "Radio Caroline now available on London DAB", "Ofcom awards five new AM community radio licences", "When pop pirates ruled Britannia's airwaves", "Snubbed by the radio and music establishment, O'Rahilly devises the sweet revenge of Radio Caroline", "Caroline Kennedy photographed under the Oval Office desk on 16th May 1962 is on page 19 of the Radio Jackie Archive", "The Pirate Radio Hall of Fame: Sylvan the Stowaway", "Dorothy Calvert: Rock'n'roll entrepreneur and pirate radio pioneer", "Wireless and Television Pirate Stations (1966)", "The day we woke up to pop music on Radio 1", "Caroline continues alone, is overwhelmed by difficulties but returns to punish the politicians", "How a radio ship and 7 men shook up Britain in 1964", "This site is put together by Johnny Lewis, an engineer and presenter who worked on the station at the time", "The Pirate Radio Hall of Fame: the seventies", "Last broadcast message and photographic image", "Sheerness Lifeboats: Station History and Awards", "Appeal for memories of the Grimsby trawler Ross Revenge", "The wet and wild history of Radio Caroline (4)", "Photos of the transmitters can be found here", "Crunch & Roll podcast S01 Ep07: Caroline Martin", "Radio Caroline: Into the new millennium", "Bringing Caroline into the new millennium", "Radio Caroline finally appears on Sky EPG", "Radio Caroline decides to get rid of its EPG slot", "Radio Caroline App for iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch on iTunes Store", "Radio Caroline DJs return to Felixstowe to mark pirate's start off resort's coast", "Radio Caroline confirms power increase on 648 AM medium wave", "Ronan O'Rahilly, Radio Caroline founder who inspired UK pop and pirate radio, dies aged 79", "BBC Radio 4 - the Media Show, John Whittingdale's media agenda", "New station to launch with help from legendary Radio Caroline", "Caroline Community Radio launches in Essex", "Radio Caroline allowed 1kW TX on 648 AM", "Radio Caroline is now on DAB+ in Cambridge", "Radio Puketapu stakeholder has pirate past", "Green - Radio Caroline (1987) - YouTube", How 7 men and a radio ship shook up Britain (Flashes & Flames), Radio Caroline, Ramsey Harbour 15/08/1967 & 28/08/1964, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radio_Caroline&oldid=1142296491, Classic rock radio stations in the United Kingdom, Internet radio stations in the United Kingdom, Pirate radio stations in the United Kingdom, Rock radio stations in the United Kingdom, Defunct radio stations in the United Kingdom, Articles with dead external links from March 2022, Articles needing additional references from June 2011, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2014, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from March 2021, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2012, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2018, Articles with trivia sections from March 2022, Wikipedia external links cleanup from March 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. [25], Between 11 and 20 April 1973, the ship broadcast for Radio Veronica while its ship, the Norderney, was aground. At one time both stations were even claiming more than 8.8 million listeners each. In 1990 the UK government amended the 1967 anti-offshore law to allow the boarding and silencing of stations in international waters if their signals could be received in the UK, even if their vessels were foreign-registered and operated. Global's Highest Radio Reach EVER!!! American Cancer Society Cancer Facts & Figures for African American/Black People. The station's slogan was Your all-day music station. Offshore radio stations were no exception to this rule. During mid-August 1989, authorities in several European countries carried out coordinated raids on houses, recording studios and offices believed to be used by Caroline. 15 Alfred Place A bulletin report which provides information of the survey period, any new stations that have joined or any changes to the stations or groups. The UK Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) put a permanent watch on movements around the Ross Revenge and the MV Communicator, Laser 558's ship. Following negotiations with the service provider, satellite transmissions ended at midnight on 30 September 2013. Nowadays, Radio Caroline has to resort to other sources.