nervous tissue histology ppt

When responding to a foreign threat, immune system cells can activate non-specific inflammation or progress to a specific immune response. Read more. Muscle tissue maintains synthesizing and contractile functions. The ECM contains different protein fibers (collagen, reticular, elastic) embedded in ground substance. This traps and removes any inhaled dust, bacteria or foregn substances. The respiratory system consists of the lungs and a series of passageways (nasal cavities, paranasal sinuses, larynx, trachea and bronchi) that connect alveoli to the external environment. Wheater's Nervous tissues and Central nervous system, Ross and Pawlina (6th ed), Chapter 12 Nerve Tissue, Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under a, Michigan Histology and Virtual Microscopy Learning Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 License. This is the final course in the series that will explore special stains used in the clinical histology laboratory. The medial surface of the section is the posterior portion of the thalamus and a small portion of the cerebral peduncle. Whereas the manner in which either cell is associated with the axon segment, or segments, that it insulates is different, the means of myelinating an axon segment is mostly the same in the two situations. At a microscopic level, a nephron consists of a renal corpuscle and a series of tubules. Next, the tissue is embedded with paraffin wax, which firms the tissue enough permit thin slices. Like a few other parts of the body, the brain has a privileged blood supply. With the exception of the unipolar sensory ganglion cells, and the two specific bipolar cells mentioned above, all other neurons are multipolar. Some ways in which they support neurons in the central nervous system are by maintaining the concentration of chemicals in the extracellular space, removing excess signaling molecules, reacting to tissue damage, and contributing to the blood-brain barrier (BBB). It will also benefit the publication of several new topics (Hematology, Pathogen ID, and Gross Anatomy). The ependymal cell is a glial cell that filters blood to make cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), the fluid that circulates through the CNS. Note that sacral levels of the cord (levels S2-4) also contain visceral motor neurons in the lateral horn, but these are parasympathetic. Nervous tissue contains two basic categories of cells: neurons and support cells (glia). Since tissues are relatively colorless, the magnifying properties of the optic microscope are not sufficient for proper visualization of a specimen; therefore staining techniques described above are coupled with optic microscopy. The accessory genital glands include the prostate, seminal vesicles and bulbourethral glands. DNA is condensed and coiled up into chromosomes. Tissues. Epithelial tissue can cover external surfaces (skin), line the inside of hollow organs (intestines) or form glands. All Rights Reserved. The multipolar neurons in this area are known as "mossy cells" slide NP004N View Image and they primarily receive input from mossy fibers of the granule cells of the dentate gyrus and then relay those signals back to other cells in the dentate. Water and some other small particles, like gases and ions, can enter. For oligodendrocytes, the rest of the cell is separate from the myelin sheath as a cell process extends back toward the cell body. To visualize this dendritic tree, an osmium stain can be used. Contrast the differences in the histological appearance of a pyramidal cell versus a Purkinje cell. The endocrine system is a set of tissues that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. The epidermis is a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium mostly made out of keratinocytes. Spermatozoa pass from the testis into the epithelial lined epididymis and ductus (vas) deferens via efferent ductules, then into the ejaculatory duct, which merges with the urethra. In the hippocampus orientation Image, observe: In the dentate gyrus orientation Image, observe: The "hilus" is the region where the head of hippocampus abuts the dentate gyrus. How. How about the fact that some cardiomyocytes have the ability to secrete hormones that regulate blood pressure? Body tissues are collections of cells, grouped in the body according to structure and function. The cells are laid down on top of dense irregular connective tissue, the basement membrane (BM). Use the virtual slide of the hippocampal region to study the ependymal cell lining of the choroid plexus. It is named after the anatomist who discovered it (Jan Evangilista Purkinje, 17871869). Additional sub-classifications are possible, based on the cell specializations. The name glia comes from the Greek word that means glue, and was coined by the German pathologist Rudolph Virchow, who wrote in 1856: This connective substance, which is in the brain, the spinal cord, and the special sense nerves, is a kind of glue (neuroglia) in which the nervous elements are planted. Today, research into nervous tissue has shown that there are many deeper roles that these cells play. Histology Copyright by Malgosia Wilk-Blaszczak. Where the axon emerges from the cell body, there is a special region referred to as the axon hillock. between a tract and a nerve? Click on a question to reveal the answer. Peripheral nerves are analogous with neural tracts of the CNS. The integumentary system consists of the skin and skin appendages. The skin is both a medium for interaction with the environment and a barrier, protecting us from outside microbes and chemicals, changes in temperature and dehydration. Histology Complete and Basic Tissues. In these slides, dorsal happens to be "up," but you should be able to tell dorsal and ventral horns based on morphology and the cells present rather than the orientation. Nervous or the nerve tissue is the main tissue of our nervous system. That single axon can branch repeatedly to communicate with many target cells. Review the organization of the spinal cord using your atlas. Cells come together with extracellular matrix (a jelly-like fluid) to form the four types of tissues found in the human body: epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous. A single axon (often called a nerve fiber) leaves the perikaryon and transmits neural signals to other neurons or to the effectororgan (e.g., skeletal muscles) via synapses. Any of those processes can function as an axon depending on the conditions at any given time. Examine the layered organization of the cerebral cortex usingslide 76stained withluxol blue/cresyl violet[orientation](which stains white matter tracts and cell bodies) ortoluidine blue and eosin[orientation](TB&E, toluidine blue stains the nuclei and RER of cells whereas eosin stains membranes and axon tracts). The delicate meshwork of dendritic processes and nerve fibers (axons) lying between cells in the gray matter is called the neuropil. Microglia are, as the name implies, smaller than most of the other glial cells. It also includes important proteins that are integral to that membrane. Nails are plates of proliferating keratinized cells that, similar to hair, contain hard keratin. Pancreatic serous acini secrete digestive enzymes which break down fat, carbohydrates and proteins. Histology of Nervous Tissue PROF. DR. FAUZIAH OTHMAN DEPT OF HUMAN ANATOMY Feature of nerves tissue Type of cell: neuron & neuroglia General feature of neuron Type of Why are perikarya of dorsal horn neurons smaller than those in the ventral horn? 138, 7.18). 1:00 - 2:55 Cartilage and Bone ppt | pdf | lecture recording. The epithelial lining of the uterine tube and uterus play important roles in the transportation and implantation of a fertilized ovum (zygote). Electron microscopy (EM) is a more modern form of microscopy that provides a much higher magnification and high resolution images. I love Anatomy. Health Information Technology & Services. It is permeable to oxygen, carbon dioxide and other gases, allowing for the occurrence of gas exchange. Based on morphology, epithelial cells can be either squamous (flat), cuboid (cube) or columnar (rectangular). There are six types of glial cells. Nervous tissue is composed of two types of cells, neurons and glial cells. Tissue preparation, tissue staining, microscopy, hybridisation. Your donation will enable us to update all existingSecondLook resources and to transform them into completely free Progressive Web Applications (PWA), including theSecondLookHistology apps. Axon diameters can be as small as 1 to 20 micrometers. Most of the respiratory tract is lined by respiratory mucosa; a pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with mucus producing goblet cells. It is made up of gray matter and white matter. Oligodendrocytes (another type of glial cell) are responsible for the myelination of CNS axons. I would honestly say that Kenhub cut my study time in half. Neurons are important, but without glial support they would not be able to perform their function. Above the temporal (ventral or inferior) horn of the lateral ventricle the lateral geniculate nucleus is present. Neuroglia. Because of this, only specific types of molecules can enter the CNS. Here you will see the Purkinje cell bodies slide 077 View Image. 48 Spinal CordWhite Matter (Spinal Cord)View Virtual EM Slide In this field you see several oligodendrocytes, the cells that make myelin in the CNS, surrounded by numerous myelinated axons of various size, cut in cross section. Tissues join together in different arrangements to form our body organs. Our engaging videos, interactive quizzes, in-depth articles and HD atlas are here to get you top results faster. The dorsal nucleus of Clarke slide 066a View Image is in the dorsal horn and contains relatively large, multipolar neurons that receive proprioceptive information from dorsal root ganglion cells that are innervated by muscle spindles in the trunk and lower limb. The ventral spinal cord. Thus are essential for maintaining homeostasis of the body. Nervous tissue histology 1. Nervous tissue is made of cells (neurons and glial cells) and extracellular matrix. Histology is the science of the microscopic structure of cells, tissues and organs. behaviors, memories, and movements. Histology - study of tissues Tissue - a collection of similar cells that group together to perform a specialized function. The axon projects from the dendrite endings, past the cell body in a ganglion, and into the central nervous system. Histologically, although there are a few exceptions, endocrine cells generally have an epithelial origin. Both respond immunologically to foreign material in the fluid passing through. Sensory reception is a peripheral function (those dendrites are in the periphery, perhaps in the skin) so the cell body is in the periphery, though closer to the CNS in a ganglion. Contents Neuron Nerve cell processes Synapses And impulse transmission The neuroglia Myelin sheath 2 3. The cells of the genital ducts and glands produce secretions to support this process. Name this exception. Chapter 12Nervous Tissue. They can be classified as sensory or autonomic. Histological inspection reveals that each nerve fibre is actually composed of a large number of axons whose cell bodies reside in central or peripheral ganglia, the spinal cord or the brain. Specialised cells (melanocytes, Merkels cells, Langerhans cells) and free nerve endings are found within the epidermis, providing pigmentation, protection and sensation. The glial cell is wrapped around the axon several times with little to no cytoplasm between the glial cell layers. Histology: An overview: want to learn more about it? During development, the glial cell is loosely or incompletely wrapped around the axon (Figure 6). What anatomical feature explains this phenomenon? These bulbs are what make the connection with the target cell at the synapse. Remember that the perikaryon is the metabolic support center for each neuron, so, therefore, motor neurons require much larger perikarya. Nervous tissue is composed of two types of cells, neurons and glial cells. Tissuesare classified into four basic types: epithelium, connective tissue (includes cartilage, bone and blood), muscle, and nervous tissue. The nasal cavity contains specialized olfactory epithelium, providing the sense of smell. Access to the supplemental resources for this session is password-protected and restricted to University of Michigan students. 1:00 - 1:50 Nervous Tissue ppt | pdf | lecture recording (for both hours) 2:05 - 2:55 Connective Tissue ppt | pdf. The cells here arepreganglionic sympathetic neurons whose axons terminate in either sympathetic chain ganglia or the "visceral" (or "pre-aortic") ganglia associated with the major branches of the abdominal aorta (e.g. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education. Click on explore at the bottom of the page 3. A group of neuronal cell bodies is called a nucleus in the brain or spinal cord, and a ganglion in the PNS. The dermis is a layer of connective tissue that contains collagen fibers, blood vessels, lymphatics and nerve endings. It has a similar role as the nervous system, working in tandem with it to maintain homeostasis of the body. Nervous tissue contains two categories of cellsneurons and neuroglia. In this electron micrograph, note some of the features you saw in ventral horn motor neurons with the light microscope, such as the large, pale nucleus, prominent nucleolus, Nissl bodies, dendrites and axon. celiac, aorticorenal, and superior/inferior mesenteric ganglia). dendritic) processes. The main effector cells of the lymphatic system are the immune system cells. Myelin is lipid-rich, and on gross inspection appears white. The musculoskeletal system consists of hard tissues (bones, joints, cartilage) and soft tissues (muscles, tendons, ligaments). A unity of tissues with a more complex set of functions, defined by the combination of structure and function of the comprising tissues. View HISTOLOGY OF NERVOUS TISSUE A.ppt from BIO 001 at Holy Angel University. Specialized connective tissue includes the blood, reticular, cartilage, bone and adipose tissue. T and B lymphocytes are born and raised in the thymus and bone marrow, respectively. The lighter-colored layers on both sides of the axon are myelin. Much like the male, the female reproductive system is also designed for reproduction and sexual pleasure. The nervous system is responsible for all our. Unipolar neurons have only one process emerging from the cell body which causes them to appear T-shaped. This technique is used for determining the location of specific DNA or RNA sequences in cells or chromosomes, making it useful for various research and diagnostic purposes. The product is the magnifying power of the objective (4x, 10x, 20x, 40x or 100x) multiplied by the power of the ocular lenses (10x).

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