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[170][22] The newly elected president, Leslie Manigat, was then overthrown some months later in the June 1988 Haitian coup d'tat. Nineteen days later, his ship the Santa Mara ran aground near the present site of Cap-Hatien. [266][267] In large part, this is due to the country's ability to fulfil a pledge by increasing its national police yearly by 50%, a four-year initiative that was started in 2012. [224][225], Haiti is the most mountainous nation in the Caribbean, its terrain consists of mountains interspersed with small coastal plains and river valleys. Yearly, around 691,000 tons of oil is imported into the country. 2) Toujou jwe boul yo ak tout rev.. 3) Si'w se min pa jwe. [86] President Ption also gave military and financial assistance to the revolutionary leader Simn Bolvar, which were critical in enabling him to liberate the Viceroyalty of New Granada. ", "The United States and the Haitian Revolution, 17911804", "From Saint-Domingue to Louisiana, The African-American Migration Experience", "News about Haiti, including commentary and archival articles published in The New York Times", "Haiti's Citadelle Described As 8th Wonder of the World", "Teaching the Haitian Revolution: Its Place in Western and Modern World History", "La Reconquista: Batalla de Palo Hincado (La Reconquista: Battle of Palo Hincado) (In Spanish)", "An apparent contradiction? [236], Haiti's forests covered 60% of the country as recently as 50 years ago, but that has been halved to a current estimate of 30% tree cover, according to more recent environmental analysis. [334] Haiti averages approximately 350 people per square kilometer (~900 per sq mi), with its population concentrated most heavily in urban areas, coastal plains, and valleys. [122] In spite of the bravery of the soldiers, the Emperor had once more to give up the idea of a unified island under Haitian control. [291], According to the 2015 CIA World Factbook, Haiti's main import partners are: Dominican Republic 35%, US 26.8%, Netherlands Antilles 8.7%, China 7% (est. Up to the 20th century, every Haitian president was an officer in the army. [270][271][272][273], In 2012 and 2013, 150 HNP officers received specialized training funded by the US government, which also contributed to the infrastructure and communications support by upgrading radio capacity and constructing new police stations from the most violent-prone neighborhoods of Cit Soleil and Grande Ravine in Port-au-Prince to the new northern industrial park at Caracol.[271]. [80][81] More than 25,000 surviving free people of color left the island as refugees. [194] The state of affairs produced by these storms was intensified by already high food and fuel prices that had caused a food crisis and political unrest in April 2008. When autocomplete results are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. [66] The French set about creating sugar and coffee plantations, worked by vast numbers of slaves imported from Africa, and Saint-Domingue grew to become their richest colonial possession. [160][22], In September 1994, the United States negotiated the departure of Haiti's military leaders and the peaceful entry of 20,000 US troops under Operation Uphold Democracy. Anpil ayisyen gen yon kapasite mistik pou detekte kisa rv sa yo vle di. [339] There were 300,000 in Cuba in 2013,[340] 100,000 in Canada in 2006,[341] 80,000 in Metropolitan France (2010),[342] and up to 80,000 in the Bahamas (2009). [407], The anchor of Christopher Columbus's largest ship, the Santa Mara now rests in the Muse du Panthon National Hatien (MUPANAH), in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. No other volcanic activity of as late a date is known near any of the other warm springs. Akt a ak ansyen etwal lit WWE te di Variety ke li vin jis twa [215], On 7 July 2021, President Mose was assassinated in an attack on his private residence, and First Lady Martine Mose was hospitalized following the overnight attack. Boul Chans PAM Tiraj Rapid. [120], On 1 January 1846 Pierrot announced a fresh campaign to reimpose Haitian suzerainty over eastern Hispaniola, but his officers and men greeted this fresh summons with contempt. Youth attend parties at nightclubs called discos, (pronounced "deece-ko"), and attend Bal. [386] Ninety percent of Haiti's children suffer from waterborne diseases and intestinal parasites. koln boul rale boul . Plis opsyon rekt blt [232] An article published in Haiti's Le Matin newspaper in September 2008 cited comments by geologist Patrick Charles to the effect that there was a high risk of major seismic activity in Port-au-Prince;[233] and duly the magnitude 7.0 2010 Haiti earthquake happened on this fault zone on 12 January 2010. Ou dwe LIKE paj sa pou ka jwenn bon boul sr san ou pa bezwen al kay dyab. [22] In the September 1957 election Dr. Franois Duvalier was elected President of Haiti. [22] It begins at Haiti's eastern border, north of the Guayamouc River, and extends to the northwest through the northern peninsula. BONSWA BON WIKENN. [21] In 2006, half of the population was younger than age 20. The Inter-American Development Bank estimates that the government will need at least US$3 billion to create an adequately funded system. harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKinzie1856 (, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMeehan1963 (, Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, United Nations Stabilisation Mission (MINUSTAH), Columbia University's Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), efforts to reconstitute it are currently underway, United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti, Toussaint Louverture International Airport, List of World Heritage Sites in the Caribbean, Institute for the Protection of National Heritage, "After The Group Of G8, Now Come G30 Headed By Louko Desir", "Religious Composition by Country, 2010-2050", "The Best Haitians Can Expect From Prime Minister Ariel Henry", "Prime Minister Henry gives commitment that Haiti will be in election mode before year end", "Haiti crisis: how did it get so bad, what is the role of gangs, and is there a way out? [387] HIV infection is found in 1.71% of Haiti's population (est. In 1971 Duvalier died, and he was succeeded by his son Jean-Claude Duvalier, nicknamed 'Baby Doc', who ruled until 1986. In 2010, the government decided to stage the event in a different city outside Port-au-Prince every year in an attempt to decentralize the country. Gen 17 moun ki f $50,000 chak. [217] In 2022, protests broke out against the government and rising fuel prices. The areas that do get electricity experience power cuts on a daily basis, and some areas are limited to 12 hours of electricity a day. [160] He advanced black interests in the public sector, where over time, people of color had predominated as the educated urban elite. The inmates are forced to create makeshift hammocks from the wall and ceilings. [27][28][29][30] The island was claimed by Spain and named La Espaola, forming part of the Spanish Empire until the early 17th century. Central Intelligence Agency", "Haiti and Dominican Republic Look to Eradicate Malaria", "The Geology of Haiti: An Annotated Bibliography of Haiti's Geology, Geography and Earth Science", "Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) - Haiti, United States | Data", "Solar-Powered Hospital in Haiti Yields Sustainable Savings", "In Haiti, Art Remains a Solid Cornerstone", "Chapter 7: Creole and French in Haitian Literature", "National History Park Citadel, Sans the great Souci, Ramiers", "Institut de Sauvegarde du Patrimoine National", "Blue Jays helping bring baseball to Haiti", "History of Caribbean teams in the FIFA World Cup", "World Cup 2010: How the USA's 1950 amateurs upset England and the odds", The Geology of Haiti: An Annotated Bibliography of Haiti's Geology, Geography and Earth Science, An Unbroken Agony: Haiti, From Revolution to the Kidnapping of a President, Ministre de la Sant Publique et de la Population, Web Site about Safe and Sustainable Water Solutions for Haiti, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haiti&oldid=1142653409. [389], Most people living in Haiti are at high risk for major infectious diseases. [22], The French enacted the Code Noir ("Black Code"), prepared by Jean-Baptiste Colbert and ratified by Louis XIV, which established rules on slave treatment and permissible freedoms. Port-au-Prince receives an average annual rainfall of 1,370mm (53.9in). [120], On 27 February 1847, President Rich died after only a year in power and was replaced by an obscure officer, General Faustin Soulouque. The current structure of Haiti's political system was set forth in the Constitution of Haiti on 29 March 1987. [193] In 2008 Haiti was again struck by tropical storms; Tropical Storm Fay, Hurricane Gustav, Hurricane Hanna and Hurricane Ike all produced heavy winds and rain, resulting in 331 deaths and about 800,000 in need of humanitarian aid. These houses are often self-sufficient as well. Gen 440,445 moun antou ki f kb nan tiraj sa. [179][180], Elections were held in 1995 which were won by Ren Prval, gaining 88% of the popular vote, albeit on a low turnout. Haiti's Ministry of Defense is the main body of the armed forces. [120] With the war against the Dominicans having become very unpopular in Haiti, it was beyond the power of the new president, General Jean-Baptiste Rich, to stage another invasion. The island of Hispaniola was divided among five 'caciquedoms': the Magua in the north east, the Marien in the north west, the Jaragua in the south west, the Maguana in the central regions of Cibao, and the Higey in the south east.[52][53]. [citation needed] Port-au-Prince became the first Caribbean city to have a phone service with automatic dialling. The port at Port-au-Prince, Port international de Port-au-Prince, has more registered shipping than any of the other dozen ports in the country. The Tano name for the entire island was Haiti, or alternatively Quisqeya. [127], In the first decades of the 20th century, Haiti experienced great political instability and was heavily in debt to France, Germany and the United States. Konbyen dtan Dwayne Johnson dmi? [40], Haiti (also earlier Hayti)[b] comes from the indigenous Tano language, in which it means "land of high mountains"[41] and named[c] the entire island of Hispaniola. Forgot account? There is a chronic shortage of health care personnel and hospitals lack resources, a situation that became readily apparent after the January 2010 earthquake. [311] Agricultural products constitute 6% of all exports. [211][212] The victor, Jovenel Mose of the Haitian Tt Kale Party, was subsequently sworn in as president in 2017. [citation needed], Several hotels were opened in 2014, including an upscale Best Western Premier,[314][315] a five-star Royal Oasis hotel by Occidental Hotel and Resorts in Ption-Ville,[316][317][318] a four-star Marriott Hotel in the Turgeau area of Port-au-Prince[319] and other new hotel developments in Port-au-Prince, Les Cayes, Cap-Hatien and Jacmel. The period following Soulouque's overthrow down to the turn of the century was a turbulent one for Haiti, with repeated bouts of political instability. ", "Catalogue description Haitian Declaration of Independence", "Remember Haiti | Revolution | Royaume d'Hayti. Office of the Historian, U.S. Government. sector: [203][204] In 2011 both former dictator Jean-Claude Duvalier and Jean-Bertrand Aristide returned to Haiti; attempts to try Duvalier for crimes committed under his rule were shelved following his death in 2014. Today. [4] Haiti ranked 145th of 182 countries in the 2010 United Nations Human Development Index, with 57.3% of the population being deprived in at least three of the HDI's poverty measures. Ou pa bezwen livre tchala borlette, jus download boulpam epi tchala . le Vache (Cow Island) is located off the southwest coast; also part of Haiti are the Cayemites, located in the Gulf of Gonve north of Pestel. [208][209] Meanwhile, after continuing political wrangling with the opposition and allegations of electoral fraud, Martelly agreed to step down in 2016 without a successor in place. One cell could hold up to 60 inmates which was originally designed for only 18, therefore creating tight and uncomfortable living conditions. Whitney, Kathleen Marie (1996), "Sin, Fraph, and the CIA: U.S. Covert Action in Haiti". Protestants view Catholic veneration of saints as idol worship, and some Protestants would often destroy statues and other Catholic paraphernalia. [109] Meanwhile, the French, who had managed to maintain a precarious control of eastern Hispaniola, were defeated by insurgents led by Juan Snchez Ramrez, with the area returning to Spanish rule in 1809 following the Battle of Palo Hincado. [164][160] He largely continued his father's policies, though curbed some of the worst excesses in order to court international respectability. To meet this objective, 236 MW needs to installed in Port-au-Prince alone, with an additional 75 MW needed in all other regions in the country. [22][111] After Santo Domingo declared its independence from Spain on 30 November 1821, Boyer invaded, seeking to unite the entire island by force and ending slavery in Santo Domingo. [284], Haiti received more than US$4 billion in aid from 1990 to 2003, including US$1.5 billion from the United States. The demoralized defenders offered almost no resistance before abandoning their weapons. [22] Together they helped secure an end to the occupation in 1934, under the Presidency of Stnio Vincent (19301941). The French achieved some victories, but within a few months most of their army had died from yellow fever. The Plateau Central (Central Plateau) extends along both sides of the Guayamouc River, south of the Massif du Nord. Today. Historically poor and politically unstable, Haiti has the lowest Human Development Index in the Americas, as well as widespread slavery. The Massif du Nord is an extension of the Cordillera Central in the Dominican Republic. Outrage at the killings led to riots, and Sam was captured and killed by a lynch mob. [313], The tourism market in Haiti is undeveloped and the government is heavily promoting this sector. View 25 Tchala Borlette Lesly Center - acrobattokyopics [203][210] An interim president, Jocelerme Privert, then took office. The gene pool of Haiti is about 95.5% Sub-Saharan African, 4.3% European, with the rest showing some traces of East Asian genes;[345] according to a 2010 autosomal genealogical DNA testing. This left only the town of Azua as the remaining Dominican stronghold between the Haitian army and the capital. [39] As of February 2023 Haiti has no elected government officials and has been described as a failed state. [85] The French managed to capture Louverture, transporting him to France for trial. REZILTA TIRAJ KIL LI KA EKLATE KI BOUL LI RALE TCHALA BOUL DANJE RETIRE TI MEN YO GARANTI NOU BAY F DEPO. [145] Haitian historians have claimed the true number was much higher, but this is not supported by most historians outside Haiti. [362] English and Spanish may also be spoken by Haitian deportees from the United States and various Latin American countries. In 2013, plans for the development of an international airport on le--Vache were introduced by the Prime Minister. Verite boul blt Touch device users, explore by touch . Haiti has always been a literary nation that has produced poetry, novels, and plays of international recognition. TCHALA - Yon liv rv ayisyen - Lotto.ht [120], On 21 March 1849, Haitian soldiers attacked the Dominican garrison at Las Matas. [134] 1700km of roads were made usable, 189 bridges were built, many irrigation canals were rehabilitated, hospitals, schools, and public buildings were constructed, and drinking water was brought to the main cities. In addition to the yearly recruits, the Haitian National Police (HNP) has been using innovative technologies to crack down on crime. [142][22], The U.S. Marines were instilled with a special brand of paternalism towards Haitians "expressed in the metaphor of a father's relationship with his children. [171][172] General Prosper Avril subsequently led a military regime until March 1990. Most Haitians are descendants of former black African slaves, including Mulattoes who are mixed-race. Bonjou Mkredi 1 Mas 2023. Rara is a festival celebrated before Easter. It occupies the western three-eighths of the island which it shares with the Dominican Republic. [21][310] However, According to soil surveys by the United States Department of Agriculture in the early 1980s, only 11.3 percent of the land was highly suitable for crops. [417], This article is about the country. This estimate poses a stark difference from the erroneous figure of 2% which has been oft-cited in discourse concerning the country's environmental condition. However, in a report to the Secretary of the Navy, he reported the death toll as being 3,250. [283], More than 90 percent of the government's budget comes from an agreement with Petrocaribe, a Venezuela-led oil alliance. He was imprisoned at Fort de Joux, where he died in 1803 of exposure and possibly tuberculosis. [99] In 1809, 9,000 refugees from Saint-Domingue, both white planters and people of color, settled en masse in New Orleans, doubling the city's population, having been expelled from their initial refuge in Cuba by Spanish authorities. [237] Haiti had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 4.01/10, ranking it 137th globally out of 172 countries. [274] This leads to severe consequences for the inmates. Verite boul blt. or. [citation needed], In the 1920s the indigniste movement gained international acclaim, with its expressionist paintings inspired by Haiti's culture and African roots. More of the free people of color lived in the south of the island, near Port-au-Prince, and many intermarried within their community. The northern highway, Route Nationale No. [97], Fearful of the potential impact the slave rebellion could have in the slave states, U.S. President Thomas Jefferson refused to recognize the new republic. La Navasse (Navassa Island), located 40 nautical miles (46mi; 74km) west of Jrmie on the south west peninsula of Haiti,[227] is subject to an ongoing territorial dispute with the United States, who currently administer the island via the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.[228]. In an interview with Unreported World, the prison governor stated that around 529 detainees were never sentenced, there are 3,830 detainees who are in prolonged detained trial detention. [346], According to a 2008 study examining the frequency of the Duffy antigen receptor for Chemokines (DARC) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 75% of Haitian women sampled exhibited the CC genotype (absent among women of European ancestry) at levels comparable to US African-Americans (73%), but more than Jamaican females (63%). Presently, Brown University is cooperating with L'Hpital Saint-Damien in Haiti to coordinate a pediatric health care curriculum. [365] Haitian Creole is one of the French-based creole languages. Haiti is subject to periodic droughts and floods, made more severe by deforestation. [144][22][134] During Senate hearings in 1921, the commandant of the Marine Corps reported that, in the 20 months of active unrest, 2,250 Haitians had been killed. In Haitian Creole, it is spelled and pronounced with a y but no H: Ayiti. Within days, the Marines had taken control of the capital city and its banks and customs house. Such as png, jpg, animated gifs, pic art, symbol, blackandwhite, pic, etc. It runs from the southeast to the northwest. Emigrants from Haiti have constituted a segment of American and Canadian society since before the independence of Haiti from France in 1804. French, the base language for Haitian Creole, is popular among the Haitian elite and upper classes. Version 2.1.9. Belief in zombies is also common. This was the country's most severe earthquake in over 200 years. A 2012 genetic study on Haitian Y-chromosomal ancestry has revealed that the population "exhibit a predominantly Sub-Saharan paternal component, with haplogroups A1b-V152, A3-M32, B2-M182, E1a-M33, E1b1a-M2, E2b-M98, and R1b2-V88" accounting for 77.2% of the Haitian paternal gene pools. As of 2015[update], the US government has allocated US$4 billion, US$3 billion has already been spent, and the rest is dedicated to longer-term projects. [51], In Tano society the largest unit of political organization was led by a cacique, or chief, as the Europeans understood them. [22], As in its Louisiana colony, the French colonial government allowed some rights to free people of color (gens de couleur), the mixed-race descendants of European male colonists and African female slaves (and later, mixed-race women). [343] There are also smaller Haitian communities in many other countries, including Chile, Switzerland, Japan and Australia. [135], In 1915, Haiti's new President Vilbrun Guillaume Sam sought to strengthen his tenuous rule by a mass execution of 167 political prisoners. Vodou, a religion with West African roots similar to those of Cuba and Brazil, is practiced by some Haitians today. [22] The Haitian forces, unprepared for a significant uprising, capitulated to the rebels, effectively ending Haitian rule of eastern Hispaniola. [195][196][22], On 12 January 2010, at 4:53pm local time, Haiti was struck by a magnitude-7.0 earthquake. [222][223], Haiti forms the western three-eighths of Hispaniola, the second largest island in the Greater Antilles. Pas neglige Ogmante chans pouw gen ak LOTO LAKAY. [198][199] The situation was exacerbated by a subsequent massive cholera outbreak that was triggered when cholera-infected waste from a United Nations peacekeeping station contaminated the country's main river, the Artibonite. The departments are further divided into 42 arrondissements, 145 communes and 571 communal sections. The January 2010 earthquake, was a major setback for education reform in Haiti as it diverted limited resources to survival. However, since the 18th century there has been a sustained effort to write in Haitian Creole. [33] After a brief period in which the country was split in two, President Jean-Pierre Boyer united the country and then attempted to bring the whole of Hispaniola under Haitian control, precipitating a long series of wars that ended in the 1870s when Haiti formally recognized the independence of the Dominican Republic. [148][149] Few bullets were used instead, 20,00030,000 Haitians were bludgeoned and bayoneted, then herded into the sea, where sharks finished what Trujillo had begun. Haitian Cardinal Chibly Langlois is president of the National Bishops Conference of the Catholic Church. [256] According to a 2006 report by the Corruption Perceptions Index, there is a strong correlation between corruption and poverty in Haiti. Si oumenm oswa KLIYAN'W voye achte blt pou omwen 0.5 USD, rekt yo ap gratis, eksepte rekt garanti yo. [22][173][174], In December 1990 Jean-Bertrand Aristide was elected president in the Haitian general election. Many Haitians as well as observers of the Haitian society believe that this monopolized power could have given way to a corrupt police force. Haiti ranked last among North American countries in the World Economic Forum's Network Readiness Index (NRI) an indicator for determining the development level of a country's information and communication technologies. [126] In 1892 the German government supported suppression of the reform movement of Antnor Firmin, and in 1897, the Germans used gunboat diplomacy to intimidate and then humiliate the Haitian government of President Tirsias Simon Sam (18961902) during the Lders Affair. It reflects French, African and Spanish elements and others who have inhabited the island of Hispaniola, and minor native Taino influences. 2013). [65] According to the 1788 Census, Haiti's population consisted of nearly 25,000 Europeans, 22,000 free coloreds and 700,000 African slaves. For the island, see, "Hayti" redirects here. [189][200][201] In 2017, it was reported that roughly 10,000 Haitians had died and nearly a million had been made ill. After years of denial the United Nations apologized in 2016, but as of 2017[update], they have refused to acknowledge fault, thus avoiding financial responsibility. Their flotilla went as far as Dame-Marie, which they plundered and set on fire. Central Intelligence Agency. Dimanch 5 Fevriye 2023. [383] Recently there have been mass vaccination campaigns claiming to vaccinate as many as 91% of a target population against specific diseases (measles and rubella in this case). "[143] Armed opposition to the US presence was led by the cacos under the command of Charlemagne Pralte; his capture and execution in 1919 earned him the status of a national martyr. [19][20] To its south-west lies the small Navassa Island, which is claimed by Haiti but is disputed as a United States territory under federal administration. [311][312], The Haitian gourde (HTG) is the national currency. [88] Later that year France withdrew its remaining 7,000 troops from the island and Napoleon gave up his idea of re-establishing a North American empire, selling Louisiana (New France) to the United States, in the Louisiana Purchase. [245] Haiti is the only country in the Western Hemisphere to undergo a successful slave revolution; however, a long history of oppression by dictators such as Franois Duvalier and his son Jean-Claude Duvalier has markedly affected the nation. [197] The earthquake was reported to have left between 160,000 and 300,000 people dead and up to 1.6 million homeless. #tag men yon tablo wap genyen Chak jour nan bolet NewYork Florida boul rale boul 100%chans mizik KRAZE BANK NMERO JTC Model 1318 Ball Puller se apwopriye pou rale nan zn ki difisil pou rive. [65] Over time, many were released from slavery and they established a separate social class. [412][413], Football (soccer) is the most popular sport in Haiti with hundreds of small football clubs competing at the local level. [22], According to The Washington Post, "Officials from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers said Saturday [23 January 2010] that they assessed the damage from the [12 January] quake in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, and found that many of the roads aren't any worse than they were before because they've always been in poor condition."[326]. Estatistik blt Ayiti. [159], In 195657 Haiti underwent severe political turmoil; Magloire was forced to resign and leave the country in 1956 and he was followed by four short-lived presidencies. The highest point is Pic la Selle, at 2,680 meters (8,793ft).[26][21][22]. [21] The remainder are of European or Arab descent, the descendants of settlers (colonial remnants and immigration during the era of the two World Wars). Haiti is famous for its creole cuisine (which related to Cajun cuisine), and its soup joumou. A notable bust in recent years[when?] [68] In the north of the island, slaves were able to retain many ties to African cultures, religion and language; these ties were continually being renewed by newly imported Africans. Since the turn of the 21st century, the country has endured a coup d'tat, which prompted U.N. intervention, as well as a catastrophic earthquake that killed over 250,000 people and a cholera outbreak. [404] Other well known Haitian authors include Jean Price-Mars, Jacques Roumain, Marie Vieux-Chauvet, Pierre Clitandre, Ren Depestre, Edwidge Danticat, Lyonel Trouillot and Dany Laferrire. [101], The plantation system was reestablished in Haiti, albeit for wages, however many Haitians were marginalized and resented the heavy-handed manner in which this was enforced in the new nation's politics. Haiti's most important valley in terms of crops is the Plaine de l'Artibonite, which lies between the Montagnes Noires and the Chane des Matheux. Some West African slaves held on to their traditional Vodou beliefs by secretly syncretizing it with Catholicism. [22] Sensing an opportunity, in August 1791 the first slave armies were established in northern Haiti under the leadership of Toussaint Louverture inspired by the Vodou houngan (priest) Boukman, and backed by the Spanish in Santo Domingo soon a full-blown slave rebellion had broken out across the entire colony. Under pressure, President Boyer agreed to a treaty by which France formally recognized the independence of the nation in exchange for a payment of 150 million francs.
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